La crisi della politica affonda le sue radici in uno spazio povero di riflessione culturale. Le scelte dell’Europa, dopo le due guerre mondiali, pesano come macigni sul futuro dei giovani i quali si trovano disorientati dalla crisi della politica e dell’economia dovuta, secondo l’Autore, alla loro separazione dall’etica. Nel libro viene auspicato un rinnovamento di fondo della concezione della politica, per realizzare il bene comune e promuovere la coscienza morale concretizzando una democrazia matura.

L'apertura alla dimensione religiosa nel "Kant" di Martinetti e il percorso teorico di Dal Pra fra trascendenza e immanenza. Un ipotetico punto di incontro sul terreno della prassi e della scelta etica.

Per Husserl, come per Bolzano, la logica e una dottrina della sdenza. Husserl prende pero piu sul serio l'idea che le teorie scientifiche siano costituite dagli atti mentali di soggetti conoscenti. Quella che segue e un' esposizione della concezione husserliana della logica e della scienza, fondata appunto sugli atti; essa approdera a una delineazione dell'idea husserliana di «ontologia formale».

We present the idea of searching for X-rays as a signature of the mechanism inducing the spontaneous collapse of the wave function. Such a signal is predicted by the continuous spontaneous localization theories, which are solving the “measurement problem” by modifying the Schrödinger equation. We will show some encouraging preliminary results and discuss future plans and strategy.

Scritto complesso, compatto e volutamente non sistematico - all'acme della carriera accademica e dell'attività filosofica di Robert Spaemann (1927 - 2018) -, Persone. Sulla differenza tra 'qualcosa' e 'qualcuno' (1996) non è solo un capolavoro del grande pensatore tedesco, ma è innanzitutto una pietra miliare nella filosofia del Novecento sul realismo delle persone. La sua acuta riflessione sa pro-vocare e destare l'uomo di oggi alla 'grande questione' ch'egli da sempre è a se stesso, ponendolo di fronte al senso autentico del (...) suo essere-persona che, dentro i drammi e i rinnegamenti delle persone reali e dentro le traversìe della storia è stato prima obliato dal modo d'esistere dell'uomo moderno, per poi scorrere come fiume carsico nei meandri della travagliata storia della personologia, con un concomitante imporsi, nella forma mentis oggi imperante, della 'dialettica di naturalismo e spiritualismo'. Si offre qui uno studio rigoroso e inedito della filosofia delle persone di Spaemann - miniera ricchissima tutta da scavare -, che prende sul serio la domanda esistenzialmente decisiva sull'enigma della persona, per arrischiare una comprensione della realtà personale che ognuno di noi è, lasciandoci guidare dal 'Socrate tedesco' in un avvincente percorso che raccoglie a piene mani l'eredità e le sfide della tradizione filosofica e restituisce al lettore precisi segnavìa del senso, cioè della vettorialità fondamentale tracciata nell'essere-persona e, resi memori dell'origine e della meta, del senso di marcia a ognuno di noi affidato come compito per divenire le persone uniche che già siamo e sempre più saremo. (shrink)

Studying trust in the context of human-robot interaction is of great importance given the increasing relevance and presence of robotic agents in the social sphere, including educational and clinical. We investigated the acquisition, loss and restoration of trust when preschool and school-age children played with either a human or a humanoid robot in-vivo. The relationship between trust and the representation of the quality of attachment relationships, Theory of Mind, and executive function skills was also investigated. Additionally, to outline children’s beliefs (...) about the mental competencies of the robot, we further evaluated the attribution of mental states to the interactive agent. In general, no substantial differences were found in children’s trust in the play-partner as a function of agency (human or robot). Nevertheless, 3-years-olds showed a trend toward trusting the human more than the robot, as opposed to 7-years-olds, who displayed the reverse pattern. These findings align with results showing that, for 3 and 7-year-olds, the cognitive ability to switch was significantly associated with trust restoration in the human and the robot, respectively. Additionally, supporting previous findings, we found a dichotomy between attributions of mental states to the human and robot and children’s behavior: while attributing to the robot significantly lower mental states than the human, in the trusting game children behaved in a similar way when they related to the human and the robot. Altogether, the results of this study highlight that similar psychological mechanisms are at play when children are to establish a novel trustful relationship with a human and robot partner. Furthermore, the findings shed light on the interplay – during development – between children’s quality of attachment relationships and the development of a Theory of Mind, which act differently on trust dynamics as a function of the children’s age as well as the interactive partner’s nature (human vs. robot). (shrink)

Aims and background: The present work assessed the impact of two decrees on ethics committees in Italy, aimed at bringing the national laws on the conduct of clinical trials into line with the rest of the EC, and regulating and facilitating not-for-profit research.Material and methods: Prospectively collected data from an Italian multicentre study were examined with respect to the ethics review process. Administrative and time elements of the review process were audited. Main outcome measures were time between the application submission (...) and the ethics committee definitive opinion, type and number of application submission forms, number of ethics committees that refused fee exemption, and time between the ethics committee approval and the administrative authorisation.Results: A total of 134 local research ethics committees were approached. Application submission procedures and application forms varied greatly; paper submission was mandatory. The median time from submission to approval was 72 days. Only two LRECs refused the fee exemption. The median time from LREC approval to administrative agreement was 50 days and only 9.6% of local authorities came to a verbal agreement with the sponsor.Conclusions: Italian LRECs are still not sufficiently efficient in complying with the Directive 2001/20/EC requirement . Better coordination of LRECs work is needed although the optimal level of coordination between them is still not known. In the meantime, national guidelines are needed concerning the application of Directive 2001/20/EC. The behaviour of Italian LRECs towards not-for-profit research was excellent although only the fee exemption was requested. (shrink)

Critical study of preaching and sermons by Kamāl al-Dīn Ḥusayn ibn Ḥasan Khvārazmī on sufism.

In this paper we show that the prime ideal space of an MV-algebra is the disjoint union of prime ideal spaces of suitable local MV-algebras. Some special classes of algebras are defined and their spaces are investigated. The space of minimal prime ideals is studied as well.

Sociological pscychological problems; Islam; essays.

This article aims to compare the national legal systems that regulate biomedical research in an industrialized country (United States) and a developing country (Venezuela). A new international order is emerging in which Europe, Japan and the United States (US) are revising common guidelines and harmonizing standards. In this article, we analyze – as an example – the US system. This system is controlled by a federal agency structured to regulate research funded by the federal government uniformly, either in the US (...) or abroad. In contrast, in Venezuela, a developing country, the creation of a centralized system is a slow process. Different types of ethical committees review research projects using non-uniform criteria. Consequently, various parallel organizations that conduct biomedical research, such as universities, research institutes and private hospitals have diverse regulations operating at a local level. Thus, the most relevant difference between the Venezuelan and the US systems is the degree of standardization. In the US, the review process is performed by institutional review boards (IRBs), which have a similar organization and maintain relationships with a centralized agency, following standard regulations. Although new proposals for establishing national regulations are currently being considered in Venezuela, the success of these initiatives will depend on promoting governmental efforts to create a more structured centralized system supported by a national regulatory framework. This system will need governmental financial support at all levels. This article proposes an integrated system to regulate research with human participants in Venezuela and other developing countries. (shrink)

Svar på spørgsmål om kvinder bl. a. om bryllupsnatten, at føde børn, at gå i bad, at få gæster, såkaldte stedsøsterlige forhold (lesbiske forhold) mm. Skrevet af den øverste muslimske præst under Safavidernes dynasti.